CHAPTER 13 ENDOCRINE

Target Language or Knowledge:

The pituatary gland is divided in the anterior and posterior lobes. The mineral iodine aids in the development and functioning of the thyroid gland. The pituatary is aka as the master gland. The suffix "-one" means hormone. The hypothalamus is the primary link between the nervous and endocrine systems. In the term "estrogen", the combining form "estr/o" means mad deisre. The Islets of Langerhans are small clusters of cells within the pancreas. Two hormones secreted by the Islets of Langerhans' beta and alpha cells are insulin and glucagon. The main cause of NIDDM or Type II diabetes in both adults and children is obesity. A medication used in shock to increase the systolic blood pressure is Dopamine. The thyroid gland plays a vital role in metabolism and regulates the body's metabolic processes. Cortisone is secreted by the Adrenal Cortex and is used as an anti-inflammatory agent. Insulin is a hormone or medication essential for the maintenance of normal blood sugars. In the term "hyperkalemia", the root "kal" means potassium. Epinephrine, which is produced in the adrenal medulla, elevates the systolic blood pressure, dilates the bronchial tubes, and dilates the pupils. AKA as adrenaline and aids in the "fight or flight syndrome.". Lethargy is the medical term which means " pertaining to drowsiness or sluggishness." Mr. Smythe is scheduled for a thyroidectomy. He now knows that this means his thyroid gland will be removed because of cancer. The pituatary gland is aka as the hypophysis. Increased levels of fasting blood sugar, FBS, may indicate DM or diabetes mellitus. DM or diabetes mellitus is a complex is a complex disorder of metabolism in which the body does not produce or properly use insulin. A thyroid scan is a test used to detect tumors of the thyoid gland. Goiter is a condition in which the thyroid gland becomes enlarged due to constant stimulation of the thyroid gland. The pancreas plays a vital role in maintaining blood glucose levels and carbohydrate metabolism. A disorder is caused by elevated thyroid hormones is called hyperthyroidism. The pineal gland secretes melatonin and serotonin which are responsible for our mood and circadian rhythms. The pituatary gland is located at the base of the brain. The term "acromegaly" means "enlargement of the extremities." In most cases, gestational diabetes or Type III diabetes resolves after pregnancy. Hypoglycemia means having an insufficient blood glucose level and can result when taking too much insulin. Mr. Jones has a pheochromocytoma and is scheduled for a adrenalectomy on Monday. Three MAJOR signs of Diabetes are polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia. A condition of excessive amounts of K+ in the blood is called Hyperkalemia. Complications of hypothyroidism can include heart disease, depression, and slowed mental functioning. Addison's disease occurs when the adrenal gland is damaged and there is a deficiency in the production of ACTH or adrenalcorticoid hormones. Prediabetes is a condition in which the blood glucose levels are higher than normal but not high enough for a diagnosis of Type II diabetes. A normal Blood Glucose level is 70-100mg/dl The adrenal glands can be found on sitting on top of each kidney. It is necessary for replacement of hormones and supplemental sodium with Addison's disease. A hormone is a chemical transmitter that is release in small amounts and transported by the bloodstream to a target organ or cell. The vital functions of the endocrine system involves production and regulation of chemical transmitters called hormones. The suffix "-crine" means "secretion."