[untitled worksheet]

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Experiment One. 1. Put on safety glasses and gloves. 2. Fill a test tube to 1/4th fill with hydrochloric acid. 3. Add two crystals of sodium thiosulfate to the test tube. 4. Write down your observations. When the sodium thiosulfate was added to the hydrochloric acid, there were three observations. a. The test tube felt warm. b. The colour of the solution changed from colourless clear to cloudy yellow. c. The test tube gave off a pungent smell. Experiment Two. 1. Put on safety glasses and gloves. 2. You should have in front of you a candle, matches, a wooden splint, a test tube, some acid, a small strip of metal ( magnesium). 3. What to do a. Fill to about ¼ of the with acid. b. Add the strip of metal. c. Light the wooden splint and put it into the top of the test tube. d. Write down here what happened. When the metal strip was added to the acid, there was a lot of bubbling and the test tube felt warm. The bubbling told us that a gas was being created . When the lighted wooden splint was placed into the top of the test tube there was a small “pop’ or explosion. This is the test for hydrogen gas, which is found in group one of the periodic table. Experiment Three. 1. Put on safety glasses and gloves. 2. Fill the test tube to ¼ fill, with the blue copper sulfate solution. 3. Add the iron to the copper sulfate solution. Keep this solution for later. 4. Write down what happened. When the grey iron was added to the blue copper sulfate, the iron changed to a copper colour and the blue copper sulfate solution faded and changed to a green colour. The brown was copper and the green was iron suIlfate. Iron + copper sulfate  copper + iron sulfate Experiment Four. 1. Put on safety glasses and gloves. 2. Fill the test tube to ¼ fill, with the colourless silver nitrate solution. 3. Add the copper pieces to the silver nitrate solution. 4. Write down what happened. When the copper-coloured metal was added to the colourless clear silver nitrate solution, the copper metal changed to a grey silver colour. The silver nitrate formed silver metal on the copper and so the grey colour forming on the copper was real silver and the solution became copper nitrate solution. copper + silver nitrate  silver + copper nitrate Experiment Five. 1. Put on safety glasses and gloves. 2. Fill the test tube to ¼ fill, with the blue copper sulfate solution. 3. Take the test tube with the iron and solution and pour the solution into another test tube. 4. To both of these test tubes add the potassium thiocyanate solution. 5. Write down what happened When the Potassium Thiocyanate solution was added to the blue copper sulfate solution it changed from a blue colour to a green colour. When the Potassium thiocyanate solution was added to the solution from the iron, it changed to a blood red solution. This shows us that this solution is not the same as the original copper sulfate solution. Experiment Six. 6. Put on safety glasses and gloves. 7. Fill one test tube to ¼ fill with the KI solution which is potassium iodide. 8. Fill another test tube to ¼ fill with Pb(NO3)2 solution, which is lead nitrate solution. 9. Write down what happened When the colourless clear solution of potassium iodide was added with the colourless solution of lead nitrate solution, it produced a yellow cloudy yellow solution of lead iodide. Potassium iodide + lead nitrate -> potassium nitrate + lead iodide. ( yellow) Experiment Seven. 1. Put on safety glasses and gloves. 2. Fill the test tube to ¼ fill, with the blue copper sulfate solution. 3. Fill another test tube to ¼ fill with NH4OH which is ammonium hydroxide solution. 4. Write down what happened When the Blue copper sulfate solution is mixed with the clear colourless ammonium hydroxide solution, a pale blue cloudy solution is created. Ammonium hydroxide + copper sulfate  copper hydroxide + ammonium sulfate Experiment Eight. 1. Put on safety glasses and gloves. 2. Add some of the calcium carbonate solid into the test tube 3. Add around up to ½ of the test tube with hydrochloric acid. 4. Light a wooden splint and put it down into the test tube, but not into the solution 5. Write down what happened . When the hydrochloric acid is added to the calcium carbonate the reaction creates carbon dioxide gas and we know this because carbon dioxide gas puts out fire. Hydrochloric acid + calcium carbonate  calcium chloride + carbon dioxide + water. Experiment Nine 1. Put on safety glasses and gloves. 2. Fill one test tubes to ¼ fill, with the sodium hydroxide solution. 3. Add 4 drops of phenolphthalein to the test tubes . 4. Write down what happened. 5. Then add drop by drop, some acid to the test tube until something happens. 6. Write down what happened 7. Add some vinegar solution drop by drop to the same test tube until something happens. 8. Write down what happened. When the test tube had 4 drops added to the solution of sodium hydroxide it changed from a clear colourless solution to a clear purple solution. This happened because phenolphthalein is a base indicator. When the vinegar is added, it neutralises the base and so there is no more. Experiment Ten 1. Put on safety glasses and gloves. 2. Fill one test tubes to ¼ fill, with the sodium hydroxide solution. 3. Add 4 drops of universal indicator to the test tube . 4. Write down what happened. 5. Then add drop by drop, some acid to the test tube until the colour changes. 6. Write down what the colour is. 7. Add some more vinegar solution drop by drop to the same test tube until there is another colour change 8. Write down the colour change this time. 9. Add some more vinegar solution drop by drop to the same test tube until there is another colour change 10. Write down the colour change this time. When the test tube had 4 drops added to the solution of sodium hydroxide it the universal indicator was a purple/blue colour, showing that the solution is a base. When there was acid added to the solution, it changed to a green colour, since this is the neutral colour when there is no acid or base. When there was even more acid added, the colour changed from green to red, showing that there is acid in the solution now. Experiment Eleven the unknown solutions. Experiment Twelve.. Tbsp Chelsea White Sugar or Chelsea Caster Sugar 2 Tbsp Chelsea Golden Syrup 1 tsp Edmonds Baking Soda Method 1. Add 5 table spoons of Sugar and 2 tablespoons of Golden Syrup into a heavy-based saucepan. 2. Heat gently, stirring constantly, until the sugar dissolves. 3. Increase the heat and bring to the boil. 4. Boil for two minutes. Stir occasionally, if necessary, to prevent burning. 5. Remove from heat. 6. Add the sodium bicarbonate and stir very quickly - the mixture will froth up rapidly. Pour into prepared tin immediately. Leave until cold and set then break into pieces.

warm colourless cloudy yellow pungent smell bubbling warm gas hydrogen one blue green copper green colourless copper silver silver copper blue green blood red copper potassium nitrate yellow lead iodide ammonium hydroxide pale blue carbon dioxide carbon dioxide colourless purple base purple/blue green neutral green red acid