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Teacher's Answer Key for Corresponding Exam (HR Exam: Legal Cases Affecting HR Recruitment, Compensation,
Training, & Employee Relations)

1. Complete the missing information, state the year of the case, and explain the key outcomes of the following HR-related cases.
a) Griggs v. Duke Power Co.
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in;">Year: 1971</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in;">Key Outcome: Strengthened equal employment opportunity laws by ruling that employment practices must be related to job performance and cannot disproportionately exclude minorities unless justified as a business necessity.</li>
</ul>
b) Ledbetter v. Goodyear
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l7 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in;">Year: 2007</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l7 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in;">Key Outcome: Led to the passage of the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act (2009), which clarified that each discriminatory paycheck resets the 180-day filing period for an equal-pay lawsuit.</li>
</ul>
c) Tibble v. Edison International
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in;">Year: 2015</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in;">Key Outcome: Required employers to continuously monitor retirement plans to ensure employees receive the best investment options.</li>
</ul>
d) Meritor Savings Bank v. Vinson
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l6 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in;">Year: 1986</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l6 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in;">Key Outcome: Recognized workplace sexual harassment as a violation of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act, holding employers accountable for preventing and addressing harassment.</li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;" align="center"><hr align="center" size="2" width="100%" /></div>
2. Which Acts/Laws were amended after the original law was established and what was the case and outcome to those amendments?
✅ Answers:
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .5in;">Civil Rights Act of 1964 → Civil Rights Act of 1991: Expanded damages available to victims of intentional discrimination.</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .5in;">Equal Pay Act → Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act (2009): Extended the time employees have to file a discrimination claim based on unequal pay.</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .5in;">OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Act) → Various Amendments: Enhanced worker protections, whistleblower rights, and penalties for violations.</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .5in;">FMLA (Family and Medical Leave Act) → Expanded Coverage (2008 & 2015): Added protections for military families and revised leave policies.</li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;" align="center"><hr align="center" size="2" width="100%" /></div>
3. What does OSHA stand for?
✅ Answer: Occupational Safety and Health Administration
✅ List 3 Key Provisions Enforced by OSHA:
<ol style="margin-top: 0in;" start="1" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l8 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .5in;">Employers must provide a safe and hazard-free workplace.</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l8 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .5in;">Workers have the right to report unsafe conditions without retaliation.</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l8 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .5in;">Employers must provide training and protective equipment to employees working in hazardous environments.</li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;" align="center"><hr align="center" size="2" width="100%" /></div>
4. Which organization enforces Title VII of the Civil Rights Act and the Equal Pay Act?
✅ Answer: The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC)
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;" align="center"><hr align="center" size="2" width="100%" /></div>
5. What does the Fair Credit Reporting Act prevent?
✅ Answer: Prevents the misuse of consumer credit reports by employers, ensuring that background checks and credit checks for employment decisions are fair, accurate, and confidential.
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;" align="center"><hr align="center" size="2" width="100%" /></div>
6. What does FLSA stand for and when was it established?
✅ Answer: Fair Labor Standards Act (1938)
✅ Key Provisions:
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list .5in;">Established minimum wage and overtime pay.</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list .5in;">Regulated child labor laws.</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list .5in;">Defined recordkeeping requirements for employers.</li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;" align="center"><hr align="center" size="2" width="100%" /></div>
7. What does ERISA stand for and what does it protect?
✅ Answer: Employee Retirement Income Security Act (1974)
✅ Key Protections:
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l5 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list .5in;">Ensures private sector pension and retirement plans are managed responsibly.</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l5 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list .5in;">Requires employers to disclose information about retirement benefits to employees.</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l5 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list .5in;">Protects employees from mismanagement of retirement funds.</li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;" align="center"><hr align="center" size="2" width="100%" /></div>
8. The Affordable Care Act states insurance companies cannot:
✅ Answer:
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l3 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list .5in;">Deny coverage for pre-existing conditions.</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l3 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list .5in;">Impose lifetime or annual limits on essential health benefits.</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l3 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list .5in;">Charge different rates based on gender.</li>
</ul>

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