Teacher Answer Key: HR Exam: Legal Cases Affecting HR Recruitment, Compensation, Training, Employ...

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1. Complete the missing information, state the year of the case, and explain the key outcomes of the following HR-related cases. a) Griggs v. Duke Power Co. Year: 1971 Key Outcome: Strengthened equal employment opportunity laws by ruling that employment practices must be related to job performance and cannot disproportionately exclude minorities unless justified as a business necessity. b) Ledbetter v. Goodyear Year: 2007 Key Outcome: Led to the passage of the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act (2009), which clarified that each discriminatory paycheck resets the 180-day filing period for an equal-pay lawsuit. c) Tibble v. Edison International Year: 2015 Key Outcome: Required employers to continuously monitor retirement plans to ensure employees receive the best investment options. d) Meritor Savings Bank v. Vinson Year: 1986 Key Outcome: Recognized workplace sexual harassment as a violation of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act, holding employers accountable for preventing and addressing harassment. 2. Which Acts/Laws were amended after the original law was established and what was the case and outcome to those amendments? ✅ Answers: Civil Rights Act of 1964 → Civil Rights Act of 1991: Expanded damages available to victims of intentional discrimination. Equal Pay Act → Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act (2009): Extended the time employees have to file a discrimination claim based on unequal pay. OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Act) → Various Amendments: Enhanced worker protections, whistleblower rights, and penalties for violations. FMLA (Family and Medical Leave Act) → Expanded Coverage (2008 & 2015): Added protections for military families and revised leave policies. 3. What does OSHA stand for? ✅ Answer: Occupational Safety and Health Administration ✅ List 3 Key Provisions Enforced by OSHA: Employers must provide a safe and hazard-free workplace. Workers have the right to report unsafe conditions without retaliation. Employers must provide training and protective equipment to employees working in hazardous environments. 4. Which organization enforces Title VII of the Civil Rights Act and the Equal Pay Act? ✅ Answer: The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) 5. What does the Fair Credit Reporting Act prevent? ✅ Answer: Prevents the misuse of consumer credit reports by employers, ensuring that background checks and credit checks for employment decisions are fair, accurate, and confidential. 6. What does FLSA stand for and when was it established? ✅ Answer: Fair Labor Standards Act (1938) ✅ Key Provisions: Established minimum wage and overtime pay. Regulated child labor laws. Defined recordkeeping requirements for employers. 7. What does ERISA stand for and what does it protect? ✅ Answer: Employee Retirement Income Security Act (1974) ✅ Key Protections: Ensures private sector pension and retirement plans are managed responsibly. Requires employers to disclose information about retirement benefits to employees. Protects employees from mismanagement of retirement funds. 8. The Affordable Care Act states insurance companies cannot: ✅ Answer: Deny coverage for pre-existing conditions. Impose lifetime or annual limits on essential health benefits. Charge different rates based on gender.